victorinox 2004-11-27 05:30
摄影师需要烂熟于心的12条法则
Memorize This!
By Jason Schneider
November 2004
12 essential facts, formulas, and photographic rules
当你的相机系统崩溃时，当高尖端的技术也不管用时,该怎么办？这时就需要依赖自己的知识了。拥有下面这些基本常识绝对是超值,在你一筹莫展的时候,它们有助于帮我们解决困境并拍出好的照片。
What happens when your systems go belly-up, when all of that cutting-edge technology dies and you must rely on (gasp!) your own knowledge? It pays to have these basics in your head. They can get you out of a jam and help you get good shots when nothing else will.
1、阳光16法则。即在拍摄处于明媚均匀的阳光下的主体时，快门定为感光度倒数，光圈为F16为宜。以此为基准，可以估算出，在海滩用F22光圈，有云的晴天用F11等。
1. Sunny 16 rule： The basic exposure for an average scene taken on a bright, sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed equivalent to one over the ISO setting—that is, f/16 at 1/100 sec at ISO 100. From this you can interpolate, and try f/22 at the beach, f/11 on a cloudy-bright day, etc.
2、月光11，8，和5.6法则。摄影月亮的曝光组合有多种。但最为人乐于使用的是11、8和5.6组合。当快门速度为感光度倒数时，满月用F11光圈，半月和3／4月分别用F8和F5.6.
2. Moony 11, 8, and 5.6 rules： There are many different rules that work well when shooting the moon. One favorite for a proper exposure of a full moon is f/11 at one over the ISO setting. For pictures of a half moon, use the same shutter speed at f/8, and for a quarter moon, use the same shutter speed at f/5.6.
3、相机抖动法则。安全的快门速度是焦距的倒数。如使用50毫米的镜头时，如果手持拍摄，速度至少要在1／60以上为宜（当然，防抖头不算）。如果低于此速度，请使用闪光灯，脚架，或为相机找其他支持物。
3. Camera shake rule： The slowest shutter speed at which you can safely handhold a camera is one over the focal length of the lens in use. As shutter speeds get slower, camera shake is likely to result in an increasing loss of sharpness. So, if you're using a 50mm lens, shoot at 1/60 sec or faster. Not enough light? Use a flash, tripod, or brace your camera against a solid ｏｂｊｅｃｔ.
4、18％灰测光。用18％中灰板测光会带来最好的效果。如果没有灰板，可以将手掌摊开面向阳光，对手掌测光读数，然后加一档曝光拍摄。（不同的肤色对结果的差别几乎连一档都达不到。）
4. Anatomical gray card Metering off an 18-percent neutral gray card is a good way to get a midtone reading that will give you a good overall exposure of a scene. Forgot your gray card? Hold your open hand up so it's facing the light, take a reading off your palm, open up one stop, and shoot. (Various skin tones rarely account for even a full-stop difference.)
5、景深法则。对焦点取在整个景深的前三分之一位置可以得到最大的景深。因为焦点后的景深是焦点前的二倍。
5. Depth of field rules： When focusing on a deep subject, focus on a point about a third of the way into the picture to maximize depth of field, because the depth-of-field zone behind that point is about twice as deep as the depth-of-field zone in front of it. This works for all apertures and focal lengths, but the smaller the aperture and the shorter the focal length, and the greater the distance you shoot at, the greater the depth of field.
6、数码冲印尺寸法则。数码照片最佳的扩印尺寸应该不超过长与宽的像素数之和除以200。如果需要影展素质的照片，请除以250。
6. Largest digital print rule： To calculate in inches the largest photo-quality print you can make with a digital camera, divide the vertical and horizontal pixel counts (see your manual) by 200. For critical applications, or if you want exhibition-quality prints, divide the pixel counts by 250.
7、曝光法则。经典的建议是：保证高光区曝光准确，低光区随他去。这一建议适用于反转和数码相机。而对负片，特别是彩色负片，最好增曝一档。
7. Exposure rules： The classic advice is, "Expose for the highlights, and let the shadows take care of themselves." This works with slide film and digital. But with negative film, especially color negative, you're better off overexposing by one stop.
8、快速闪光输出法则。在使用没有自动输出控制的闪光灯时，将闪光灯的感光度设为胶卷的二倍，对主体测光，机身选光圈整档，闪光灯设同样光圈。这�
powerdrive 编辑于 2004-12-1 16:42:58
seanwang 2004-11-27 06:37
非常好且实用的规则。其实有些时候，我们太依赖机器的AF和自动测光了，反而忽略了原理，了解这些原理是进入摄影世界必须的一步，建议刚开始玩摄影的同学好好阅读:F:
精华并加资源分，感谢老V同学的工作及无私的分享:):
seanwang 编辑于 2004-11-26 22:41:40
davidfish 2004-11-27 07:32
太深了，看不懂，收藏，漫漫消化
K_K 2004-11-27 08:07
似乎以前看过...不管了，反正是好东西就要顶~ :G:
gdsghj 2004-11-27 14:14
第11条我的理解，是一个角度与速度的经验公式，如果物体沿镜头的轴线运动你能够用(1/125)的快门捕抓下来，那么它垂直于镜头轴线的运动（从取景框的一边到另外一边的运动）能用比(1/125)高2档的快门(1/500)捕抓下来，如果物体沿镜头轴线成45度运动的话，只需要提高一档快门(1/250)就能捕抓下来。楼主看这样说能说清楚么。
还有楼主用D70么？如果是请前辈多指导！
gdsghj 编辑于 2004-11-27 6:26:04
victorinox 2004-11-27 17:11
你解释得很清楚。我加到原贴了，希望你不介意。
[quote]gdsghj 写道：
第11条我的理解，是一个角度与速度的经验公式，如果物体沿镜头的轴线运动你能够用(1/125)的快门捕抓下来，那么它垂直于镜头轴线的运动（从取景框的一边到另外一边的运动）能用比(1/125)高2档的快门(1/500)捕抓下来，如果物体沿镜头轴线成45度运动的话，只需要提高一档快门(1/250)就能捕抓下来。楼主看这样说能说清楚么。
还有楼主用D70么？如果是请前辈多指导！
[/quote]
victorinox 编辑于 2004-11-27 17:49:46
vvyoung 2004-11-28 00:47
赶快记
下,怕您删掉
[quote]victorinox 写道：
摄影师需要烂熟于心的12条法则
Memorize This!
By Jason Schneider
November 2004
12 essential facts, formulas, and photographic rules
What happens when your systems go belly-up, when all of that cutting-edge technology dies and you must rely on (gasp!) your own knowledge? It pays to have these basics in your head. They can get you out of a jam and help you get good shots when nothing else will.
1、阳光16法则。即在拍摄处于明媚均匀的阳光下的主体时，快门定为感光度倒数，光圈为F16为宜。以此为基准，可以估算出，在海滩用F22光圈，有云的晴天用F11等。
1. Sunny 16 rule： The basic exposure for an average scene taken on a bright, sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed equivalent to one over the ISO setting—that is, f/16 at 1/100 sec at ISO 100. From this you can interpolate, and try f/22 at the beach, f/11 on a cloudy-bright day, etc.
2、月光11，8，和5.6法则。摄影月亮的曝光组合有多种。但最为人乐于使用的是11、8和5.6组合。当快门速度为感光度倒数时，满月用F11光圈，半月和3／4月分别用F8和F5.6.
2. Moony 11, 8, and 5.6 rules： There are many different rules that work well when shooting the moon. One favorite for a proper exposure of a full moon is f/11 at one over the ISO setting. For pictures of a half moon, use the same shutter speed at f/8, and for a quarter moon, use the same shutter speed at f/5.6.
3、相机抖动法则。安全的快门速度是焦距的倒数。如使用50毫米的镜头时，如果手持拍摄，速度至少要在1／60以上为宜（当然，防抖头不算）。如果低于此速度，请使用闪光灯，脚架，或为相机找其他支持物。
3. Camera shake rule： The slowest shutter speed at which you can safely handhold a camera is one over the focal length of the lens in use. As shutter speeds get slower, camera shake is likely to result in an increasing loss of sharpness. So, if you're using a 50mm lens, shoot at 1/60 sec or faster. Not enough light? Use a flash, tripod, or brace your camera against a solid ｏｂｊｅｃｔ.
4、18％灰测光。用18％中灰板测光会带来最好的效果。如果没有灰板，可以将手掌摊开面向阳光，对手掌测光读数，然后加一档曝光拍摄。（不同的肤色对结果的差别几乎连一档都达不到。）
4. Anatomical gray card Metering off an 18-percent neutral gray card is a good way to get a midtone reading that will give you a good overall exposure of a scene. Forgot your gray card? Hold your open hand up so it's facing the light, take a reading off your palm, open up one stop, and shoot. (Various skin tones rarely account for even a full-stop difference.)
5、景深法则。对焦点取在整个景深的前三分之一位置可以得到最大的景深。因为焦点后的景深是焦点前的二倍。
5. Depth of field rules： When focusing on a deep subject, focus on a point about a third of the way into the picture to maximize depth of field, because the depth-of-field zone behind that point is about twice as deep as the depth-of-field zone in front of it. This works for all apertures and focal lengths, but the smaller the aperture and the shorter the focal length, and the greater the distance you shoot at, the greater the depth of field.
6、数码冲印尺寸法则。数码照片最佳的扩印尺寸应该不超过长与宽的像素数之和除以200。如果需要影展素质的照片，请除以250。
6. Largest digital print rule： To calculate in inches the largest photo-quality print you can make with a digital camera, divide the vertical and horizontal pixel counts (see your manual) by 200. For critical applications, or if you want exhibition-quality prints, divide the pixel counts by 250.
7、曝光法则。经典的建议是：保证高光区曝光准确，低光区随他去。这一建议适用于反转和数码相机。而对负片，特别是彩色负片，最好增曝一档。
7. Exposure rules： The classic advice is, "Expose for the highlights, and let the shadows take care of themselves." This works with slide film and digital. But with negative film, especially color negative, you're better off overexposing by one stop.
8、快速闪光输出法则。在使用没有自动输出控制的闪光灯时，将闪光灯的感光度设为胶卷的二倍，对主体测光，机身选光圈整档，闪光灯设同样光圈。这种设置下，照片的阴影区会比主体的亮度低一档。
8. Quick flash-fill rule： When using an automatic fl
lynn8566 2004-11-28 04:02
找了好久的东西，顶一下
秋荻 2004-11-28 07:34
好好.....谁能在教教偶速记法..偶老是记不住:H:
air_mx 2004-11-28 16:55
[quote]胯下世界 写道：
俺的四字宝典 auto :D:
[/quote]
气死人不偿命:X::X::X::X::X:
jediking 2004-11-28 21:00
好贴收藏，熟记在我心